Mountain of the 7 Colors (Vinicunca): History, Meaning and Travel Guide

The Mountain of the 7 Colors also known as Vinicunca or “Rainbow Mountain has become one of the most iconic destinations in Peru. But what is its origin and why does it have such vibrant colors? In this blog, we explore its fascinating history, cultural significance and everything you need to know to visit it.

Where is Vinicunca?

• Location: District of Pitumarca, Cusco region, Peru.
• Altitude: 5,200 meters above sea level.
• Distance from Cusco: Approximately 3.5 hours by car.

History and Meaning of the Mountain of the 7 Colors

Geological origin

Vinicunca is the result of millions of years of geological activity. Its colored stripes are due to the combination of minerals in the sediment layers:

• Red: Iron oxide.
• Yellow: Iron sulfide.
• Green: Chlorite and clays rich in magnesium.
• White: Sandstone and calcium carbonate.
• Purple: Mixture of clay and manganese oxide.

2. Tourist Discovery

Although it always existed, was not until 2015 that it became popular as a tourist attraction, thanks to viral photos on social networks. Before, it was covered by snow and was not as accessible.

Cultural Significance

For the Andean communities, Vinicunca is an important Sacred Apu (mountain spirit), related to protection and fertility. Some locals make offerings (pagapus) before starting the trek.

How to get to Vinicunca?

1. Organized Tour (Recommended)

• Includes: Transportation, guide, breakfast and lunch.
• Departure from Cusco: Between 3:00 and 4:00 am.
• Duration of tour: 12-14 hours (full day).

2. Self-employed (Advanced Option)

By car: To the village of Pitumarca, then continue by local transport to the beginning of the hike.
By public bus: Take a bus to Cusipata and then a shared cab.

What to Expect from Trekking?

• Difficulty: High (due to altitude and steep slope).
• Duration: 1.5 to 2 hours uphill (3-4 km).
• Maximum altitude: 5,200 masl (may cause soroche).

Recommendations:

• Acclimatize 2-3 days in Cusco before the trip.
• Bring water, snacks and sunscreen.
• Wear warm clothes and trekking shoes.
• Consider renting a horse (optional, for those who do not want to walk).

Best Time to Visit Vinicunca

• Dry season (April to October): Clear skies, better visibility.
• Rainy season (November to March): Fewer tourists, but risk of rain and mud.

Why has it become so popular?

Instagram effect: Its vibrant colors make it perfect for photos.
Adventure tourism: It attracts travelers looking for unique experiences.
Proximity to Cusco: It is an accessible excursion from the city.

Conclusion: Is it worth visiting Vinicunca?

Yes! Although the trek is demanding, the reward of seeing this natural wonder is unforgettable. If you like unique landscapes and adventure,  is a mandatory stop on your trip to Peru.

Intihuatana in Machu Picchu: The Sundial of the Incas – Complete Guide

The Mysterious Intihuatana: The Sacred “Watch” of Machu Picchu

The Intihuatana is one of the most fascinating and best preserved elements of Machu Picchu. This carved stone functioned as a sophisticated astronomical instrument for the Incas. In this guide, we explore its meaning, function and how to visit it in the citadel.

Inti Huatana

What is the Intihuatana?

• Meaning: “Where the sun is tied” (from Quechua Inti = sun, huatana = to tie).
• Function: Sundial and astronomical calendar
• Location in Machu Picchu: Hanan sector (upper area), near the Temple of the Sun.
• Unique features:
  • Granite stone polished to millimetric precision
  • Angles perfectly aligned with cardinal points
  • Shadow marking the solstices and equinoxes.

Astronomical Function of Intihuatana

Inca Agricultural Calendar

• Marking the seasons for planting and harvesting
• During solstices (21 Jun and 21 Dec), the sun creates particular shadows:
  • Winter Solstice: Longest Shadow
  • Summer Solstice: Shorter Shade

Religious Ceremonies

• Central point for rituals to the god Inti (Sun)
• Inca priests symbolically “tied” the sun so that it would not escape during the winter solstice.

Inti huatana

Important Historical Data

• Construction: XV century, during the government of Pachacútec.
• Discovery: It was identified by Hiram Bingham in 1911.
• State of conservation: One of the few Intihuatanas that survived the Spanish destruction.
• Vandalism: In 2000, a filming crane partially damaged it (today it is protected).

How to Visit the Intihuatana in Machu Picchu

Exact Location

• Upper urban sector (Hanan)
• After the Temple of the Sun and before the agricultural sector
• Coordinates: 13°09’48 “S 72°32’44 “W

Recommendations for the Visit

1. Ideal time: 10:00-11:00 am (best light for photos)
2. Access: Included in the general entrance fee to Machu Picchu.
3. Restrictions:
   • No touching (delimited area)
   • Use of tripods prohibited without special permission
4. Recommended guide: Hire an official guide to understand its significance.

Visit to the Inti huatana

Curiosities of the Intihuatana

• Incredible accuracy: Angles have less than 1° of error
• Perfect Alienation: Aim directly to the Astronomical South
• Alternative theories: Some researchers suggest that it also served as a sacrificial altar.
• Special energies: Many visitors report unique sensations when in close proximity to

Other Intihuatanas in Peru

Machu Picchu is not the only place with these structures:

• Pisac: Intihuatana in the Archaeological Park
• OllantaytamboIn the Temple of the Sun
• Huayna Picchu: Small version near the summit

Photographic Tips

• Best angle: From the northeast side with the mountains in the background
• Golden hour: Between 10 am and 2 pm to avoid hard shadows
• Composition: Include Inca stairways as a natural frame.

Why is the Intihuatana of Machu Picchu so special?

1. Best preserved: Shows details impossible to see elsewhere.
2. Privileged location: In the heart of the sacred citadel
3. Scientific accuracy: Demonstrates advanced astronomical knowledge
4. Mystery intact: Still keeping secrets to be discovered